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Why are all theories formulated over the past two millennia about living together so shaky?

Because they are based on merely plausible views of what it means to be human, derived from introspection.

Why was the correct understanding of what a human being is not historically guessed earlier? For example, in antiquity, the atom was guessed long before it was discovered using the modern scientific method. Admittedly, at the same time, this correct theory coexisted with others that were later disproved, but it still existed.The reason why this did not happen with the representation of the human is probably related to the fact that cognitive dissonance, and more specifically its consequence which leads to self-deception with a clear conscience, is counterintuitive. The philosopher Kant still believed that people choose to lie.

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