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What is the major discovery of the book 'From Capital to Reason'?

There are three:
1. Define what a human being is, on scientific grounds.
2. Propose a credible alternative to capitalism.
3. Demonstrate that any credible organizational system must necessarily be based on the regulation of the decision-making process.

Define what a human being is, on scientific grounds.

From antiquity to the present day, politicians and philosophers have been content with a representation of humanity that is merely plausible, based on introspection, and not corroborated by reproducible experiments conforming to the scientific method.
This means they sought to address the issue without even properly defining it, which explains why their solutions work so poorly: they are based on an unrealistic representation of human nature.

Propose a credible alternative to capitalism.

Le communism or participatory democracy are not.
Why? Because they are based on an idealized representation of humanity.

Demonstrate that any credible organizational system must necessarily be based on the regulation of the decision-making process.

By credible organizational system, we mean a system capable of addressing the two great questions of our time, namely how to meet ecological constraints and how to halt the gradual deterioration of the social fabric that is inexorably leading us toward the next collective tragedy (for example, a civil war).

Previous and current systems focus on 'who makes the decisions?', whereas the correct question should be 'how should decisions be made?'.
See the question 'What is the modern political method?'

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Read the book From Capital to Reason in its entirety.
Defining what a human being is is the central theme of the first part of the book.
Proposing a credible alternative to capitalism is the focus of the second part.